Artificial urinary sphincter Implant to treat severe male urinary incontinence

An artificial urinary sphincter is a surgically implantable device used to treat severe urinary incontinence, usually in men who have suffered injuries or prostate surgeries that have damaged the natural sphincter.

This treatment is indicated in cases of severe urinary incontinence that does not respond to conservative treatments such as pelvic floor rehabilitation and  therapy with medication or external devices. It is often used after radical prostatectomy or other surgical procedures that affect the function of the urinary sphincter.

This surgical procedure is performed under general anesthesia, typically takes 1 to 2 hours, and involves placing the device components through small incisions.

The recovery period is generally 4-6 weeks, during which strenuous activities should be avoided. Prophylactic antibiotics are usually administered during this period to prevent postoperative infections.

Regular follow-up with a urologist should be maintained to monitor the proper functioning of the device.

The device generally consists of:
 - Pressure Cuff, which is placed around the urethra, inflating and deflating to control urine flow;
 - Fluid Reservoir, implanted in the abdomen, contains the fluid that is transferred to inflate the cuff;
 - Control Pump, implanted in the scrotum (in men), allows the patient to control the inflation and deflation of the cuff to start or stop urination.

Basically, when the pressure cuff is inflated, it keeps the urethra closed, preventing urine leakage. When the patient wishes to urinate, the pump in the scrotum is pressed and the cuff deflates, opening the urethra. After urination, the cuff automatically re-inflates after a few minutes, closing the urethra and restoring urinary control.

The main benefits of this treatment include:
 - A high success rate in restoring urinary control;
 - Significant improvement in quality of life;
 - Reduced or eliminated need for absorbent pads.

The main risks associated with this procedure include:
 - Postoperative infection;
 - Erosion or displacement of the device;
 - Mechanical failure;
 - Additional surgeries may be necessary over time.

The artificial urinary sphincter is an effective solution for men with severe urinary incontinence, especially after undergoing prostate surgeries. Although it involves surgery and potential complications, most patients who undergo this treatment experience significant improvement in urinary control and quality of life. The decision to undergo the implant should be made in consultation with a specialized urologist, considering the specific needs and conditions of each patient.