Urogenital prolapse Exit of pelvic organs through the vagina's walls

Urogenital prolapse is a protrusion of one or more pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, apical portion of the vagina or rectum) through the walls of the vagina.

It occurs when the muscles and ligaments that compose the pelvic floor become incompetent in their function of supporting the organs located in the pelvic region.

The main risk factors that determine this disability are pregnancy, childbirth and menopause. Obesity, chronic constipation, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, work related to lifting / transporting heavy objects and some hereditary diseases, which determine greater connective tissue laxity, can also be considered risk factors.

There are 3 types of urogenital prolapses that may occur isolated or in association: cystocele which is bladder prolapse and the most frequent; prolapse of the uterus or apex of the vagina (enterocele), in women who have already undergone previous hysterectomy; and, finally, the prolapse of the rectum, called the rectocele.

The treatment of the urogenital prolapse which is symptomatic and with negative interference with quality of life is usually surgical. The objective is to restore the natural position of the pelvic organs, preserving sexual function.

The surgical approach is currently minimally invasive and is performed vaginally or laparoscopically.

The use of a pessary is reserved for cases of surgical refusal or contraindication.